Oracle PL/SQL: Loops and Conditional Statements

This article contains tutorial about Oracle PL/SQL Loops and Conditional Statements. Following topics are discused here IF-THEN-ELSE Statement, Case Statement, GOTO Statement, Loop Statement, FOR Loop, CURSOR FOR Loop, While Loop, Repeat Until Loop and Exit Statement

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In other languages, a null value is found using the = null syntax. However in PLSQL to check if a value is null, you must use the "IS NULL" syntax.
To check for equality on a null value, you must use "IS NULL".
For example,

IF Lvalue IS NULL then
.

END IF;

If Lvalue contains a null value, [...]

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The syntax for declaring variables is:
variable_name datatype [CONSTANT] [NOT NULL] [:= | DEFAULT initial_value]

For example:
Declaring a variable:
LDescription varchar2(40);

Declaring a constant:
LTotal constant numeric(8,1) := 8363934.1;

Declaring a variable with an initial value (not a constant):
LType varchar2(10) := ‘Example’;

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A literal is the same as a constant. We’ll cover three types of literals – text literals, integer literals, and number literals

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